世新大學九十三學年度碩博士班考試試題卷

學 系 別	考 試 科 目
經濟學系	英文

※考生請於答案卷內作答

A. 英翻中 (可以直譯或意譯，但誤譯或漏譯會被扣分)

A1. (30%)

Trade dose, as critics stress, mean painful adjustment for those affected, as well as shifts in the rewards for different workers. Yet this is just as true of productivity. Information technology destroyed the jobs of armies of clerks and raised the wages of educated workers relative to those of less educated ones. But it had no adverse impact on employment. Between 7 and 8 per cent of US private jobs are lost every quarter. But employment has still increased. Neither rising productivity nor growing imports will undermine overall employment, provided the labour market is flexible.

By increasing competition and lowering the prices of inputs, trade can also generate higher productivity directly. This is particularly true for IT.

In the late 1990s, globalisation of IT hardware production made hardware about 10 to 30 per cent cheaper than it would otherwise have been. Real GDP growth might have been some 0.3 percentage points less a year if IT production had been globalised. Now it is IT software where opportunities are largest. The potential for faster productivity growth in the economy, as cheap foreign skills are applied to this sector, are enormous. Some jobs will disappear in the software- producing sectors of the economy. But more activity will be generated elsewhere.

A2. (30%)

As knowledge accumulates, we are becoming more sensitive to environmental externalities. We are also developing more sensitive methods of dealing with them. But all the methods involve a public choice.

Urban smog, which is both unpleasant and dangerous to breathe, forms when sunlight reacts with emissions from the tailpipes of automobiles. Because of this external cost of auto exhaust, we set emission standards and tax gasoline. Emission standards increase the cost of a car, and gasoline taxes increase the cost of the marginal mile traveled. The higher costs decrease the quantity demanded of road transportation and so decrease the amount of pollution it creates. Is the value of cleaner urban air worth the higher cost of transportation? The public choices of voters, regulators, and lawmakers answer this question.

As cars stream onto an urban freeway during the morning rush hour, the highway clogs and becomes an expensive parking lot. Each rush hour traveler imposes external costs on all the others. Today, road users bear private congestion costs but do not face a share of the external congestion costs that they create. But a market solution to this problem is now technologically feasible. It is a solution that charges road users a fee similar to a toll that varies with time of day and degree of congestion. Confronted with the social marginal cost of their actions, each road user makes a choice and the market for highway space is efficient. Here, a public choice to use a market solution leaves the final decision about the degree of congestion to private choices.

B.中翻英

B1 (20%)

在全球競爭的國際市場，任何企業都會企圖捍衛自己的競爭力以對抗敵手，國家亦應如此。而國家競爭力是企業競爭力、人民素養、與政府的領導利的綜合表現。故國家之競爭力更攸關人民福祉。民意調查也顯示，提升台灣競爭力是僅次於教育與貧富差距一般民眾最關心的議題。俗語說：「知己知彼，百戰百勝」，的確，我們應該時常檢驗台灣經濟之國際競爭力。

B2 (20%)

技術進步使平均成本線下移，廠商可以享受一段時間的經濟利潤。在完全競爭的市場裡，經濟利潤的存在會引誘新廠商加入，使得產品價格下降，因而會慢慢腐蝕經濟利潤，直到經濟利潤完全消失為止，在一個技術不斷進步的產業裡，我們可以看到使用新舊技術設備的廠商雜陳。但當新技術持續發展出來，或使用新技術的廠商繼續加入，技術進步終究會淘汰使用就生產設備的廠商。這是在經濟發展過程中必然會發生現象。